{"id":1222,"date":"2023-02-20T13:38:14","date_gmt":"2023-02-20T05:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=1222"},"modified":"2023-02-20T20:32:41","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T12:32:41","slug":"%e9%9a%90%e8%97%8f%e5%9c%a8%e4%bc%97%e7%9b%ae%e7%9d%bd%e7%9d%bd%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%8b-%e4%bb%a3%e7%90%86-dll-%e5%8a%a0%e8%bd%bd%e4%bb%a5%e9%9a%90%e8%97%8f-etwti-%e5%a0%86%e6%a0%88%e8%b7%9f%e8%b8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=1222","title":{"rendered":"\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u4f17\u76ee\u777d\u777d\u4e4b\u4e0b &#8211; \u4ee3\u7406 DLL \u52a0\u8f7d\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf ETWTI \u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<strong><em>\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u89c4\u907f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u535a\u5ba2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=1225\">\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc<\/a>\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81ea\u4ece\u6211\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5199\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8eDark Vortex\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4ee5\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e86\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u62ecBrute Ratel\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6b64\u535a\u5ba2\u7b80\u8981\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3001EDR\/AV \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001ETWTI \u9065\u6d4b\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u89c4\u907f\u5b83\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/bruteratel.com\/release\/2022\/07\/20\/Release-Stoffels-Escape\/\">Brute Ratel\u4e0a<\/a>\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u535a\u5ba2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9bDLL\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6C2\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u591c\u9e70\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684API\uff08\uff09\u6765\u907f\u514d\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u89c4\u907f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5bf9 EDR \u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<code>RtlQueueWorkItem<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/0xdarkvortex.dev\/proxying-dll-loads-for-hiding-etwti-stack-tracing\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-a-stack\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5806\u6808\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u201c\u5806\u6808\u201d\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6b64\u5806\u6808\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u6267\u884c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bcf\u5f53\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u65b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5806\u6808\u3002\u5806\u6808\u4ece\u4e0b\u5230\u4e0a\u589e\u957f\u5e76\u4ee5\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u9075\u5faa\u201c\u540e\u8fdb\u5148\u51fa\u201d\u539f\u5219\u3002\u201cRSP\u201d\uff08x64\uff09\u6216\u201cESP\u201d\uff08x86\uff09\u5b58\u50a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u5806\u6808\u6307\u9488\u3002Windows \u4e2d\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5806\u6808\u5927\u5c0f<a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/cpp\/build\/reference\/stack-stack-allocations?view=msvc-170\">\u4e3a 1 MB<\/a>\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u671f\u95f4\u660e\u786e\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u7f16\u7801\u65f6\u4e0d\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u5806\u6808\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5806\u6808\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u5806\u6808\u8fb9\u754c\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u5806\u6808\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u5e76\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cmsvcrt \u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u63a2\u6d4b\u5806\u6808.dll\u5e76\u5728\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5806\u6808\u65f6\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u5927\u5806\u6808\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u5173\u7684shellcode\uff08\u56e0\u4e3aPIC\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5806\u6808\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u5219shellcode\u5c06\u5d29\u6e83\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u60a8\u7684PIC\u4e0d\u4f1a\u94fe\u63a5\u5230msvcrt.dll\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u7a0b\u3002\u5f53\u7ebf\u7a0b\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6267\u884c\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4e0e\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5806\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u624b\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u5806\u6808\u3002\u5f53\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff08mingw gcc \u6216 clang\uff09\u7f16\u8bd1 C\/C++ \u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5e76\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u60a8\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u4ece 1 MB \u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u5206\u914d\u5806\u6808\u4e0a\u7684\u201cx\u201d\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<code>_chkstk<\/code><code>_chkstk<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">void samplefunction() {\n    char test[8192];\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a 8192 \u5b57\u8282\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u5728 PE \u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u5730\u6700\u7ec8\u5360\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u7531\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f18\u5316\u5e76\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">sub rsp, 0x2000<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u6c47\u7f16\u4ee3\u7801\u4ece\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u51cf\u53bb 0x2000 \u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\uff088192 \u5341\u8fdb\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u7406\u4e00\u4e9b\u5806\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5411\u5806\u6808\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u5806\u6808\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u4ece\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u51cf\u53bb\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5c06\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u3002\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e05\u6670\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0a\u6b21\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4ece\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u8be5\u5e27\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u5806\u6808\u3001\u5e27\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4f55\u5904\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u60a8\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u60a8\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528 &#8216;ret&#8217; \u6216 return \u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u50cf\u6211\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a 5 \u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">void func3() {\n    char test[2048];\n    \/\/ do something\n    return;\n}\n\nvoid func2() {\n    char test[4096];\n    func3();\n}\n\nvoid func1() {\n    char test[8192];\n    func2();\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6c47\u7f16\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">func3:\n    sub rsp, 0x800\n    ; do something\n    add rsp, 0x800\n    ret\nfunc2:\n    sub rsp, 0x1000\n    call func3\n    add rsp, 0x1000\n    ret\nfunc1:\n    sub rsp, 0x2000\n    call func2\n    add rsp, 0x2000\n    ret<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a 5 \u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a 5 \u5c81\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u5199\u6076\u610f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bf9\u5417\uff1fXD\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u8981\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570\u3001\u7531\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u5806\u6808\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u5f53\u524d\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"wheres-the-d-in-edr-here\">EDR \u4e2d\u7684\u201cD\u201d\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u6280\u672f\u975e\u5e38\u806a\u660e\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b EDR \u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b EDR \u4f7f\u7528 ETW \u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5806\u6808\u9065\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u60f3\u5728\u4e0d\u8e29\u8e0f\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6267\u884cshellcode\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7VirtualAlloc\u6216\u76f8\u5bf9NTAPI NtAllocateVirtualMemory\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u590d\u5236shellcode\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5b83\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u60a8\u7684shellcode\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u9879\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u6216\u5c06dll\u4ece\u78c1\u76d8\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u7684 EDR \u4f7f\u7528\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u7531 RX \u5916\u58f3\u4ee3\u7801\u533a\u57df\u63a8\u9001\u5230\u5806\u6808\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9bEDR\uff0c\u5982Sentinel One\uff0cCrowdstrike\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u7acb\u5373\u6740\u6b7b\u60a8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8f7d\u8377\u3002\u5176\u4ed6EDR\uff0c\u5982Microsoft Defender ATP\uff08MDATP\uff09\uff0cElastic\uff0cFortiEDR\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528ETW\u6216\u5185\u6838\u56de\u8c03\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e2aDLL\u65c1\u52a0\u8f7d\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u7684shellcode\uff0c\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><code>LdrLoadDll<\/code><code>LoadLibrary<\/code><code>LdrLoadDll<\/code><code>LoadLibrary<\/code><code>LoadLibrary<\/code><code>LoadLibrary<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>|-----------Top Of The Stack-----------|\n|                                      |\n|                                      |\n|--------------------------------------|\n|------Stack Frame of LoadLibrary------|\n|     Return address of RX on disk     |\n|                                      |\n|----------Stack Frame of RX-----------|  &lt;- Detection (An unbacked RX region should never call LoadLibraryA)\n|     Return address of PE on disk     |\n|                                      |\n|-----------Stack Frame of PE----------|\n| Return address of RtlUserThreadStart |\n|                                      |\n|---------Bottom Of The Stack----------|\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838\u56de\u8c03\/ETW \u6302\u94a9\u7684\u4efb\u4f55 EDR \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u4e0a\u6b21\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u533a\u57df\u6216\u8c03\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u4f55\u5904\u3002\u5728&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bruteratel.com\/release\/2022\/07\/20\/Release-Stoffels-Escape\/\">BRc1 \u7684 v1.4 \u7248\u672c\u4e2d<\/a>\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528 API\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e2d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e93\u3002\u52a0\u8f7d\u5e93\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u904d\u5386 PEB\uff08\u8fdb\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u5757\uff09\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u57fa\u5740\u3002\u591c\u9e70\u540e\u6765\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e API\uff0cAPI \u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684 NTAPI\uff0c\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8bf7\u6c42\u6392\u961f\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u8f7d\u5177\u6709\u5e72\u51c0\u5806\u6808\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cProofpoint\u53bb\u5e74\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u6765\u81eaElastic\u7684Joe Desimone\u4e5f\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u5173\u4e8eBRc4\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528API\u7684\u63a8\u6587\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fdf\u65e9\u4f1a\u6709\u68c0\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u907f\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b API\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u51b3\u5b9a\u82b1\u4e00\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece ntdll \u4e2d\u53cd\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e9b\u672a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684 API\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\u6765\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b API \u6765\u52a0\u8f7d\u6211\u4eec\u7684 DLL \u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u5806\u6808\u3002<code>LoadLibrary<\/code><code>RtlRegisterWait<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><code>RtlQueueWorkItem<\/code><code>QueueUserWorkItem<\/code><code>RtlRegisterWait<\/code><code>27 different callbacks<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"windows-callbacks-allow-us-to-introduce-ourselves\">\u7a97\u53e3\u56de\u8c03\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u6211\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6307\u5411\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8981\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5fae\u8f6f\u4e3a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/aahmad097\/AlternativeShellcodeExec\">github\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93<\/a>\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u5e74\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u8c03\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6267\u884c\u56de\u8c03\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u8c03\u4e0e\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u60a8\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u9075\u5faa\u5982\u4e0b\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff1a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6211\u4eec\u7684 LoadLibrary \u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e RX \u533a\u57df\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u8c03\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u56de\u8c03\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9 \u3002Windows\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56de\u8c03\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u201c\u6309\u539f\u6837\u201d\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u201cLoadLibrary\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff1a<code>LoadLibrary returns to -&gt; Callback Function returns to -&gt; RX region<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#include &lt;windows.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n\nint main() {\n    CHAR *libName = \"wininet.dll\";\n\n    PTP_WORK WorkReturn = NULL;\n    TpAllocWork(&amp;WorkReturn, LoadLibraryA, libName, NULL); \/\/ pass `LoadLibraryA` as a callback to TpAllocWork\n    TpPostWork(WorkReturn);                                \/\/ request Allocated Worker Thread Execution\n    TpReleaseWork(WorkReturn);                             \/\/ worker thread cleanup\n\n    WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)-1, 1000);\n    printf(\"hWininet: %p\\n\", GetModuleHandleA(libName)); \/\/check if library is loaded\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u5d29\u6e83\u3002TpAllocWork\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">NTSTATUS NTAPI TpAllocWork(\n    PTP_WORK* ptpWrk,\n    PTP_WORK_CALLBACK pfnwkCallback,\n    PVOID OptionalArg,\n    PTP_CALLBACK_ENVIRON CallbackEnvironment\n);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u5e94\u8be5\u662f&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/previous-versions\/windows\/desktop\/legacy\/ms687396(v=vs.85)\">PTP_WORK_CALLBACK<\/a>&nbsp;\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u578b\u6269\u5c55\u4e3a\uff1a<code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">VOID CALLBACK WorkCallback(\n    PTP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE Instance,\n    PVOID Context,\n    PTP_WORK Work\n);<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684 from API \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f85\u52a9\u53c2\u6570\u8f6c\u53d1\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u8c03 \uff08\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8bba\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u5668\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<code>PVOID OptionalArg<\/code><code>TpAllocWork<\/code><code>PVOID Context<\/code><code>libName (wininet.dll)<\/code><code>TpAllocWork<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/0xdarkvortex.dev\/assets\/images\/2023-01-26-Proxying-DLL-Loads\/LLB1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/0xdarkvortex.dev\/assets\/images\/2023-01-26-Proxying-DLL-Loads\/LLB1.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e72\u51c0\u7684\u5806\u6808\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a \uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9 LoadLibrary \u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6307\u5411 API \u53d1\u9001\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53cd\u8f6c\uff0c\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7531 \uff08NOT\uff09 \u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9884\u671f\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u662f ntdll \u7684\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570.dll\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b64 API \u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\u3002<code>LoadLibraryA returns to -&gt; TpPostWork returns to -&gt; RtlUserThreadStart<\/code><code>TP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE<\/code><code>TpPostWork<\/code><code>TppWorkPost<\/code><code>TpPostWork<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/0xdarkvortex.dev\/assets\/images\/2023-01-26-Proxying-DLL-Loads\/tpp.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/0xdarkvortex.dev\/assets\/images\/2023-01-26-Proxying-DLL-Loads\/tpp.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7684\u80ae\u810f\u6280\u5de7\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5c06 Callback \u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u50cf\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a<code>LoadLibrary<\/code><code>TpAllocWork<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#include &lt;windows.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n\nVOID CALLBACK WorkCallback(\n  _Inout_&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PTP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE Instance,\n  _Inout_opt_&nbsp;PVOID &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Context,\n  _Inout_&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;PTP_WORK &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Work\n) {\n    LoadLibraryA(Context);\n}\n\nint main() {\n    CHAR *libName = \"wininet.dll\";\n\n    PTP_WORK WorkReturn = NULL;\n    TpAllocWork(&amp;WorkReturn, WorkerCallback, libName, NULL); \/\/ pass `LoadLibraryA` as a callback to TpAllocWork\n    TpPostWork(WorkReturn);                                \/\/ request Allocated Worker Thread Execution\n    TpReleaseWork(WorkReturn);                             \/\/ worker thread cleanup\n\n    WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)-1, 1000);\n    printf(\"hWininet: %p\\n\", GetModuleHandleA(libName)); \/\/check if library is loaded\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u56de\u8c03\u5c06\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684 RX \u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5806\u6808\u5c06\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u505a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u907f\u514d\u7684\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece \u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u4f1a\u63a8\u9001\u5806\u6808\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u64cd\u7eb5\u5806\u6808<em>\u4e0d\u63a8\u9001\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740<\/em>\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u4e2d\u5199\u51e0\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e94\u8be5\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528 from to\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<code>LoadLibraryA returns to -&gt; Callback in RX Region returns to -&gt; RtlUserThreadStart -&gt; TpPostWork<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><code>Callback in RX Region<\/code><code>Callback in RX Region<\/code><code>TpPostWork<\/code><code>LoadLibrary<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-final-trick\">\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6280\u5de7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">#include &lt;windows.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n\ntypedef NTSTATUS (NTAPI* TPALLOCWORK)(PTP_WORK* ptpWrk, PTP_WORK_CALLBACK pfnwkCallback, PVOID OptionalArg, PTP_CALLBACK_ENVIRON CallbackEnvironment);\ntypedef VOID (NTAPI* TPPOSTWORK)(PTP_WORK);\ntypedef VOID (NTAPI* TPRELEASEWORK)(PTP_WORK);\n\nFARPROC pLoadLibraryA;\n\nUINT_PTR getLoadLibraryA() {\n    return (UINT_PTR)pLoadLibraryA;\n}\n\nextern VOID CALLBACK WorkCallback(PTP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE Instance, PVOID Context, PTP_WORK Work);\n\nint main() {\n    pLoadLibraryA = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA(\"kernel32\"), \"LoadLibraryA\");\n    FARPROC pTpAllocWork = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA(\"ntdll\"), \"TpAllocWork\");\n    FARPROC pTpPostWork = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA(\"ntdll\"), \"TpPostWork\");\n    FARPROC pTpReleaseWork = GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA(\"ntdll\"), \"TpReleaseWork\");\n\n    CHAR *libName = \"wininet.dll\";\n    PTP_WORK WorkReturn = NULL;\n    ((TPALLOCWORK)pTpAllocWork)(&amp;WorkReturn, (PTP_WORK_CALLBACK)WorkCallback, libName, NULL);\n    ((TPPOSTWORK)pTpPostWork)(WorkReturn);\n    ((TPRELEASEWORK)pTpReleaseWork)(WorkReturn);\n\n    WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)-1, 0x1000);\n    printf(\"hWininet: %p\\n\", GetModuleHandleA(libName));\n\n    return 0;\n}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"asm-code-for-rerouting-workcallback-to-loadlibrary-by-manipulating-the-stack-frame\">ASM \u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u5c06\u5de5\u4f5c\u56de\u8c03\u91cd\u65b0\u8def\u7531\u5230 LoadLibrary<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">section .text\n\nextern getLoadLibraryA\n\nglobal WorkCallback\n\nWorkCallback:\n    mov rcx, rdx\n    xor rdx, rdx\n    call getLoadLibraryA\n    jmp rax<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7f16\u8bd1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5176\u6307\u9488\u3002 \u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e93\u540d\u79f0\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 \uff0c erases \uff0c\u4ece adhoc \u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u6574\u4e2a\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u800c\u4e0d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5806\u6808\u5e27\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<code>TpPostWork<\/code><code>WorkCallback<\/code><code>WorkCallback<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><code>WorkCallback<\/code><code>RDX<\/code><code>RCX<\/code><code>RDX<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><code>LoadLibraryA<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/0xdarkvortex.dev\/assets\/images\/2023-01-26-Proxying-DLL-Loads\/cleanSlate.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/0xdarkvortex.dev\/assets\/images\/2023-01-26-Proxying-DLL-Loads\/cleanSlate.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u70df\u56f1\u50cf\u6c34\u6676\u4e00\u6837\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6076\u610f\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u5728\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684API\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u53ea\u9700\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u60a8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728kernel32\uff0ckernelbase\u548cntdll\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406DLL\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec3\u4e60\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u535a\u5ba2\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eBrute Ratel\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672cv1.5\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u535a\u5ba2\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6211\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/paranoidninja\/Proxy-DLL-Loads\">github\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93<\/a>\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002<code>27 other Callbacks<\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u89c4\u907f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u535a\u5ba2\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u627e\u5230\u3002 \u81ea\u4ece\u6211\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5199\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8eDark Vort [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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