{"id":2518,"date":"2024-03-12T01:53:38","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T17:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=2518"},"modified":"2024-04-28T20:02:01","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T12:02:01","slug":"%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3-llama-2-%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%848","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=2518","title":{"rendered":"\u4e86\u89e3 LLaMA-2 \u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784(8)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>13. \u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406(NLP)\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd(embedding weights)\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u5355\u8bcd\u3001\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8868\u793a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u7ef4\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5355\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>13.1 \u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0a\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5728\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ef4\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5355\u8bcd\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bc6\u96c6\u5411\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u6a21\u578b\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684 one-hot \u7f16\u7801\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u5173\u7cfb\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u5230\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3001\u53cd\u4e49\u8bcd\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4f4d\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>13.2 \u5d4c\u5165\u5c42<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u5c42\uff08embedding layer\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5c42\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u5d4c\u5165\u5c42\u901a\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>13.3 \u8bad\u7ec3\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u5f97\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u5d4c\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5148\u8bad\u7ec3\u5d4c\u5165\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bcd\u5d4c\u5165\u5305\u62ecWord2Vec\u3001GloVe\u548cFastText\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5b9a\u8bad\u7ec3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684NLP\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u7b49\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4ece\u968f\u673a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8ba9\u5d4c\u5165\u5c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u7aef\u5230\u7aef\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>13.4 \u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u5728\u5404\u79cdNLP\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u5404\u79cdNLP\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>13.5 \u67e5\u770b\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u524d\u9762\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6587\u4ef6 output\/model.bin \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5728<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=2438\">\u4e86\u89e3 LLaMA-2 \u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784(2)<\/a>\u7ae0\u8282\u91cc\u77e5\u9053\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \">tok_embeddings.weight: torch.Size([32000, 4096])<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d 32000 \u662f\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u5927\u5c0f(vocab_size), 4096 \u662f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6(dim), \u77e9\u9635\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u662f float;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>tok_embeddings.weight(\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u4e3a token_embedding_table) \u5927\u5c0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \">sizeof(tok_embeddings.weight) = vocab_size * dim * sizeof(float)<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f28\uff0c\u6240\u5360\u5b57\u8282\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a 32000 * 4096 * 4 = 524,288,000 \u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6362\u7b97\u4e3a 500MB\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6240\u5360\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u6240\u7ad9\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c4096\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c4096 * 4 = 16,384, \u53ef\u4ee5\u6362\u7b97\u4e3a 16KB\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u547d\u540d\u4e3a test04.c\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230 newsrc \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:c decode:true \">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;\n#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;\n#include &lt;ctype.h&gt;\n#include &lt;time.h&gt;\n#include &lt;math.h&gt;\n#include &lt;string.h&gt;\n#include &lt;fcntl.h&gt;\n#include &lt;unistd.h&gt;\n#include &lt;sys\/mman.h&gt;\n\n\/\/ \u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u4f20\u9012 Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53c2\u6570\u3002\n\/\/ \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\ntypedef struct {\n    \/\/ \u4ee3\u8868 Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5d4c\u5165\uff08embedding\uff09\u5c42\u548c\u6240\u6709 Transformer \u5c42\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\n    int dim; \/\/ transformer dimension\n    \/\/ \u4ee3\u8868\u524d\u9988\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff08Feed Forward Neural Network Layer\uff0c\u5373 Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u5c42\uff09\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u5c42\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\n    int hidden_dim; \/\/ for ffn layers\n    \/\/ \u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c42\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684 Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u5934\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\uff08Multi-head Self Attention Mechanism\uff09\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u9988\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3002\n    int n_layers; \/\/ number of layers\n    \/\/ \u8868\u793a\u591a\u5934\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u67e5\u8be2\u5934\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u591a\u5934\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u8f93\u5165\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\n    int n_heads; \/\/ number of query heads\n    \/\/ \u8868\u793a\u952e\/\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5934\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0f\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u5934\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u3002\n    int n_kv_heads; \/\/ number of key\/value heads (can be &lt; query heads because of multiquery)\n    \/\/ \u4ee3\u8868\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b57\u8282\u7ea7\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8bcd\u6c47\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a 256\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709 256 \u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u503c\u3002\n    int vocab_size; \/\/ vocabulary size, usually 256 (byte-level)\n    \/\/ \u8868\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5e8f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u5e8f\u5217\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684 token\uff08\u5982\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u5b57\u8282\uff09\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\n    int seq_len; \/\/ max sequence length\n} Config;\n\nint main(int argc, char *argv[]) {\n    Config config;\n    char *checkpoint = \"..\/output\/model.bin\";\n    \n    FILE *file = fopen(checkpoint, \"rb\");\n    if (!file) { \n      fprintf(stderr, \"Couldn't open file %s\\n\", checkpoint); \n      exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684 Config \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\n    if (fread(&amp;config, sizeof(Config), 1, file) != 1) { \n      fprintf(stderr, \"Couldn't read file %s\\n\", checkpoint); \n      exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \n    }\n    fclose(file);\n    \n    printf(\"sizeof(int)    = %ld\\n\", sizeof(int));\n    printf(\"sizeof(float)  = %ld\\n\", sizeof(float));\n    printf(\"sizeof(Config) = %ld\\n\", sizeof(Config));\n    printf(\"dim            = %d\\n\", config.dim);\n    printf(\"hidden_dim     = %d\\n\", config.hidden_dim);\n    printf(\"n_layers       = %d\\n\", config.n_layers);\n    printf(\"n_heads        = %d\\n\", config.n_heads);\n    printf(\"n_kv_heads     = %d\\n\", config.n_kv_heads);\n    printf(\"vocab_size     = %d\\n\", config.vocab_size);\n    printf(\"seq_len        = %d\\n\", config.seq_len);\n    \n    int row_size = config.dim * sizeof(float);\n    int weights_size = abs(config.vocab_size) * row_size;\n    printf(\"row_size       = %d(%d KB)\\n\", row_size, row_size \/ 1024);\n    printf(\"weights_size   = %d(%d MB)\\n\", weights_size, weights_size \/ (1024*1024));\n    \n    return 0;\n}<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u8fd0\u884c test04.c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:sh decode:true \">make test04\ncc     test04.c   -o test04\n\n.\/test04\nsizeof(int)    = 4\nsizeof(float)  = 4\nsizeof(Config) = 28\ndim            = 4096\nhidden_dim     = 11008\nn_layers       = 32\nn_heads        = 32\nn_kv_heads     = 32\nvocab_size     = -32000\nseq_len        = 4096\nrow_size       = 16384(16 KB)\nweights_size   = 524288000(500 MB)<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>14. \u5747\u65b9\u6839\u5f52\u4e00\u5316(RMSNorm)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08NLP\uff09\u9886\u57df\uff0c<code>RMSNorm<\/code>\uff08Root Mean Square Normalization\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6df1\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1 <code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6a21\u578b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5305\u62ec Transformer \u5728\u5185\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6536\u655b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>14.1 RMSNorm\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5c42\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u6df1\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u6216\u68af\u5ea6\u7206\u70b8\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u5747\u503c\uff08Root Mean Square\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u503c\u5bf9\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u7f29\u653e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u540e\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u65b9\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>14.2 RMSNorm \u4e0e LayerNorm \u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6280\u672f <code>LayerNorm<\/code>\uff08\u5c42\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff09\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<code>LayerNorm<\/code> \u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u7279\u5f81\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5747\u503c\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u6765\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u800c <code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u4ec5\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u5747\u65b9\u6839\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5747\u503c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u4f7f\u5f97 <code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>14.3 \u5728\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528 RMSNorm<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728 Transformer \u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff08Self-Attention\uff09\u548c\u524d\u9988\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Feed-Forward Network\uff09\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5c06 <code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u7ef4\u6301\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6536\u655b\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>14.4 \u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5c40\u9650<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ef4\u6301\u6fc0\u6d3b\u503c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c<code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6548\u7387<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b80\u5316\uff0c<code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4 <code>LayerNorm<\/code> \u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5c40\u9650<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9002\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a<code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u7684\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u800c\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u6bd4 <code>LayerNorm<\/code> \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u4f18\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8c03\u53c2<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1 <code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u67d0\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<code>RMSNorm<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6539\u5584\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u95ee\uff1aRMSNorm \u4e0e LayerNorm \u662f\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RMSNorm\uff08\u5747\u65b9\u6839\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff09\u4e0e LayerNorm\uff08\u5c42\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u63a8\u7406\uff08\u6216\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff09\u9636\u6bb5\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5c42\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u52a0\u5feb\u8bad\u7ec3\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f13\u89e3\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u6216\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cRMSNorm \u548c LayerNorm \u65e2\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u95ee\uff1aRMSNorm \u6743\u91cd\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u6309\u5c42\u7b97\u7684\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u662f\u7684\uff0cRMSNorm\uff08\u5747\u65b9\u6839\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\uff09\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u6309\u5c42\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728RMSNorm\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5c42\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u5c42\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff08\u5373\u5747\u65b9\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d6\u5176\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\uff08\u5373\u5747\u65b9\u6839\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5747\u65b9\u6839\u503c\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u8be5\u5c42\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c42\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4RMSNorm\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5927\u5c0f\u662f\u6309\u5c42\u7b97\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u6309\u5c42\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\u6216\u68af\u5ea6\u7206\u70b8\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff0cRMSNorm\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u5584\u8bad\u7ec3\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6a21\u578b\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>attention_norm.weight(\u4e0b\u9762\u6f14\u793a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u91cc\u4e3a rms_att_weight) \u5927\u5c0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \">sizeof(attention_norm.weight) = n_layers  * dim * sizeof(float)<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee3\u5165\u6570\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a32 * 4096 * 4 = 524,288 = 512KB<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\uff1a4096 * 4 = 16384 = 16KB<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>13. \u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd \u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406(NLP)\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5d4c\u5165\u6743\u91cd(embedding weights)\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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