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height=\"369\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6d89\u53ca\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u660e\u786e\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u5199\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u548c\u5408\u6cd5\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5176\u5bf9\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60\u8bc6\u522b\u6307\u793a\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u65b0\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216\u5408\u6cd5\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe 1.1 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u5c42\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u6765\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u62bd\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u4e13\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6a21\u7cca\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u5230\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u5206\u7c7b\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u624b\u52a8\u4ece\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u89e6\u53d1\u8bcd\uff08\u201c\u5956\u54c1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u83b7\u80dc\u201d\u3001\u201c\u514d\u8d39\u201d\uff09\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3001\u611f\u53f9\u53f7\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5927\u5199\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u7591\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\uff08\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\u6216\u975e\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u9700\u8981\u7531\u4e13\u5bb6\u6216\u7528\u6237\u6536\u96c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u5c06\u6db5\u76d6 LLM \u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3001LLM \u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u822c LLM \u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 LLM\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0cLLM \u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0cLLM \u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u65b0\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\uff08\u89c1\u56fe 1.2\uff09\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6458\u8981\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002LLM \u6700\u8fd1\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u64b0\u5199\u5c0f\u8bf4\u3001\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.2 LLM \u63a5\u53e3\u652f\u6301\u7528\u6237\u548c AI \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u8fd9\u5f20\u622a\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86 ChatGPT \u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u89c4\u683c\u5199\u4e00\u9996\u8bd7\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image003.png\" width=\"1042\" height=\"692\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LLM \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u804a\u5929\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u548c\u865a\u62df\u52a9\u624b\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 OpenAI \u7684 ChatGPT \u6216 Google \u7684 Gemini\uff08\u4ee5\u524d\u79f0\u4e3a Bard\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u4f20\u7edf\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Google \u641c\u7d22\u6216 Microsoft Bing\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0cLLM\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u533b\u5b66\u6216\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7b49\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5730\u68c0\u7d22\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u7b5b\u9009\u6587\u6863\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u5197\u957f\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u548c\u56de\u7b54\u6280\u672f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cLLM \u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u65e0\u7a77\u65e0\u5c3d\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0cLLM \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u66f4\u5177\u5bf9\u8bdd\u6027\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u4e86\u89e3 LLM \u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684 LLM\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5141\u8bb8 LLM \u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ece\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u5230\u603b\u7ed3\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u6765\u4e86\u89e3 ChatGPT \u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7684 LLM \u52a9\u624b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.3 \u6784\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528 LLM \u7684\u9636\u6bb5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684LLM\uff1f\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199 LLM \u4ee3\u7801\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u7684\u7edd\u4f73\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6216\u5fae\u8c03\u73b0\u6709\u5f00\u6e90 LLM \u67b6\u6784\u6240\u9700\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6216\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u6a21\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b9a\u5236\u7684 LLM\uff08\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u9886\u57df\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684 LLM\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u8fc7\u901a\u7528 LLM\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 ChatGPT \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 LLM\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e13\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u7684 BloombergGPT\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u7b54\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u5236\u7684 LLM\uff08\u6709\u5173\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u9644\u5f55 B \u4e2d\u7684<em>\u201c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u53c2\u8003<\/em>\u201d\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u5236\u7684 LLM \u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u613f\u4e0eOpenAI\u7b49\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9LLM\u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\u5171\u4eab\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 LLM \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7b14\u8bb0\u672c\u7535\u8111\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f Apple \u7b49\u516c\u53f8\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49 LLM \u8d4b\u4e88\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u5efa LLM \u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u3002\u201c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u201c\u9884\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5927\u578b\u3001\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u50cf LLM \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u8c03\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u66f4\u7a84\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u66f4\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u9886\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u56fe 1.3 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.3 LLM \u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u5927\u578b\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5bf9\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 LLM \u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image005.png\" width=\"1042\" height=\"543\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe 1.3 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u521b\u5efa LLM \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a<em>\u539f\u59cb<\/em>\u6587\u672c\uff09\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u201d\u662f\u6307\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u53ea\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6807\u7b7e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u6587\u672c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manning.com\/books\/build-a-large-language-model-from-scratch#_ftn1\">&nbsp;[1]<\/a>.\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5220\u9664\u672a\u77e5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>LLM \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a<em>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3<\/em>\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u521d\u59cb\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a<em>\u57fa\u7840<\/em>\u6a21\u578b\u6216<em>\u57fa\u7840<\/em><em>\u6a21\u578b<\/em>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f GPT-3 \u6a21\u578b\uff08ChatGPT \u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u5b8c\u6210\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u534a\u5199\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ec5\u6839\u636e\u51e0\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5b66\u4e60\u6267\u884c\u65b0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282<em>\u201c\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u7b80\u4ecb<\/em>\u201d\u4e2d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5927\u578b\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u83b7\u5f97<em>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3<\/em>\u7684 LLM \u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d LLM \u88ab\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a<em>\u5fae\u8c03<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5fae\u8c03 LLM \u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u5305\u62ec<em>\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03<\/em>\u548c<em>\u5206\u7c7b<\/em>\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u3002\u5728\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7531\u6307\u4ee4\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u5bf9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6587\u672c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u786e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u5728\u5206\u7c7b\u5fae\u8c03\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7531\u6587\u672c\u548c\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7c7b\u6807\u7b7e\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e<em>\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6<\/em>\u548c\u975e<em>\u5783\u573e\u90ae\u4ef6<\/em>\u6807\u7b7e\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u5fae\u8c03 LLM \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u57fa\u7840 LLM \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u540e\u9762\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u6307\u4ee4\u5fae\u8c03\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.4 <em>transformer<\/em> \u67b6\u6784\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u4ee3 LLM \u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e&nbsp;<em>transformer<\/em>&nbsp;\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f 2017 \u5e74\u8bba\u6587&nbsp;<em>Attention Is All You Need<\/em>&nbsp;\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3 LLM\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u987e\u4e00\u4e0b\u6700\u521d\u7684 transformer\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u82f1\u8bed\u6587\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u672c\u5982\u56fe 1.4 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.4 \u539f\u59cb transformer \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8bed\u8a00\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u8868\u793a\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6355\u83b7\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u8868\u793a\u6765\u4e00\u6b21\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6587\u672c\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u53ea\u9700\u751f\u6210\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff08\u201cBeispiel\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u539f\u59cb\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\uff08\u201cThis is an example\u201d\uff09\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff08\u201cDas ist ein\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image007.png\" width=\"1042\" height=\"761\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe 1.4 \u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u3002\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u6a21\u5757\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6570\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u6216\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5e76\u4ece\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u672c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u5c06\u6e90\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u5c06\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u7801\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u90fd\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u5c42\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7591\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Transformer \u548c LLM \u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u662f\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\uff08\u672a\u663e\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u8861\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u5355\u8bcd\u6216\u6807\u8bb0\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u671f\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u751f\u6210\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e14\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u628a\u89e3\u91ca\u63a8\u8fdf\u5230\u7b2c 3 \u7ae0\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b83\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c&nbsp;<em>2 \u7ae0\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e<\/em>\u201d\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u540e\u671f\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6240\u8c13\u7684 BERT\uff08<em>\u6765\u81ea\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u8868\u793a<\/em>\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\u548c\u5404\u79cd GPT \u6a21\u578b\uff08<em>\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8f6c\u6362\u5668<\/em>\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8be5\u67b6\u6784\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u89c1\u9644\u5f55B\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BERT \u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u539f\u59cb transformer \u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e GPT \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u867d\u7136 GPT \u662f\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46 BERT \u53ca\u5176\u53d8\u4f53\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u63a9\u7801\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed9\u5b9a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u63a9\u7801\u6216\u9690\u85cf\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 1.5 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b56\u7565\u4f7f BERT \u5728\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u60c5\u611f\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5206\u7c7b\uff09\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u64b0\u5199\u672c\u6587\u65f6\uff0cTwitter \u4f7f\u7528 BERT \u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u6709\u6bd2\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.5 \u53d8\u538b\u5668\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728\u5de6\u4fa7\uff0c\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u6bb5\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c BERT \u7684 LLM\uff0c\u5b83\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u63a9\u7801\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u53f3\u4fa7\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u90e8\u5206\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c GPT \u7684 LLM\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u751f\u6210\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5e8f\u5217\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image009.png\" width=\"1042\" height=\"683\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cGPT \u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb transformer \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6458\u8981\u3001\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5199\u4f5c\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ee3\u7801\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba GPT \u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GPT \u6a21\u578b\u4e3b\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u6587\u672c\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u663e\u7740\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u64c5\u957f\u6267\u884c\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u548c\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5148\u5177\u4f53\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 1.6 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.6 \u9664\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u8865\u5168\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7c7b GPT \u7684 LLM \u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u8bad\u7ec3\u3001\u5fae\u8c03\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u66f4\u6539\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u76ee\u6807\u793a\u4f8b\u4f1a\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u51e0\u53d1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c GPT \u7684 LLM \u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u79f0\u4e3a\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image011.png\" width=\"1042\" height=\"521\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TRANSFORMER \u4e0e LLM<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u7684 LLM \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684 transformer \u67b6\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0ctransformers \u548c LLM \u662f\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709 transformer \u90fd\u662f LLM\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a transformer \u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u89c6\u89c9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709 LLM \u90fd\u662f\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u9012\u5f52\u548c\u5377\u79ef\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8 LLM \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684 LLM \u67b6\u6784\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e transformer \u7684 LLM \u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u4f7f\u7528\u672f\u8bed\u201cLLM\u201d\u6765\u6307\u4ee3\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e GPT \u7684\u57fa\u4e8e transformer \u7684 LLM\u3002\uff08\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9605\u8bfb\u201d\u90e8\u5206\u627e\u5230\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6587\u732e\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.5 \u5229\u7528\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d41\u884c\u7684 GPT \u548c BERT \u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5927\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5305\u542b\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u4e3b\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8868 1.1 \u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 GPT-3 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u662f ChatGPT \u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8868 1.1 \u6d41\u884c\u7684 GPT-3 LLM \u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u540d\u79f0<\/td><td>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8bf4\u660e<\/td><td>\u4ee3\u5e01\u6570\u91cf<\/td><td>\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CommonCrawl\uff08\u5df2\u7b5b\u9009\uff09<\/td><td>\u7f51\u9875\u722c\u7f51\u6570\u636e<\/td><td>4100\u4ebf<\/td><td>60%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WebText2<\/td><td>\u7f51\u9875\u722c\u7f51\u6570\u636e<\/td><td>190\u4ebf<\/td><td>22%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Books1<\/td><td>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u8bed\u6599\u5e93<\/td><td>120\u4ebf<\/td><td>8%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Books2<\/td><td>\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u8bed\u6599\u5e93<\/td><td>550\u4ebf<\/td><td>8%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wikipedia<\/td><td>\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u672c<\/td><td>30\u4ebf<\/td><td>3%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8868 1.1 \u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6807\u8bb0\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u6570\u91cf\u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6570\u548c\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6807\u8bb0\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u8a00\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u822c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GPT-3 \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8868 1.1 \u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e GPT-3 \u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5217\u5bf9\u62bd\u6837\u6570\u636e\u7684\u603b\u548c\u9ad8\u8fbe 100%\uff0c\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u820d\u5165\u8bef\u5dee\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u4ee3\u5e01\u6570\u91cf\u201d\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u603b\u6570\u4e3a 5090 \u4ebf\u4e2a\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4ec5\u5728 3000 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002GPT-3 \u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6240\u6709 5090 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u8bf7\u8003\u8651 CommonCrawl \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ec5\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5c31\u5305\u542b 4100 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u4ee4\u724c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6 570 GB \u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cGPT-3 \u7b49\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u540e\u671f\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 Meta \u7684 LLaMA\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff0c\u5982 Arxiv \u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587 \uff0892 GB\uff09 \u548c StackExchange \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54 \uff0878 GB\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GPT-3 \u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u4eab\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u4f46\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u6bd4\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u662f Dolma\uff1aSoldaini&nbsp;<em>\u7b49\u4eba 2024 \u5e74 \uff08<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.00159\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2402.00159<\/a>\uff09&nbsp;<em>\u7684\u7528\u4e8e LLM \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e09\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u4ee3\u5e01\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u8bed\u6599\u5e93<\/em>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u96c6\u5408\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u53d7\u7248\u6743\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7279\u6027\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5fae\u8c03\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM \u9700\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u975e\u5e38\u6602\u8d35\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c31\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u79ef\u5206\u800c\u8a00\uff0cGPT-3 \u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a 460 \u4e07\u7f8e\u5143<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manning.com\/books\/build-a-large-language-model-from-scratch#_ftn2\">&nbsp;[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 LLM\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u901a\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cLLM \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u7684 LLM\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u7c7b\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4ee3\u7801\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u7528\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u540e\u9762\u5fae\u8c03 LLM \u65f6\u8df3\u8fc7\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.6 \u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3 GPT \u67b6\u6784<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7c7b GPT \u6a21\u578b\u3001GPT-3 \u548c ChatGPT \u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u770b\u901a\u7528\u7684 GPT \u67b6\u6784\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cGPT \u4ee3\u8868&nbsp;<em><strong>G<\/strong><\/em>enerative&nbsp;<em><strong>P<\/strong><\/em>retrained&nbsp;<em><strong>T<\/strong><\/em>ransformer\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3<\/em>&nbsp;\uff082018\uff09 \u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<em>Radford \u7b49\u4eba<\/em>\uff0c<a href=\"http:\/\/cdn.openai.com\/research-covers\/language-unsupervised\/language_understanding_paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u6765\u81ea OpenAI\uff0chttp:\/\/cdn.openai.com\/research-covers\/language-unsupervised\/language_understanding_paper.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>GPT-3 \u662f\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u653e\u5927\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u6570\u5e76\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002ChatGPT \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 OpenAI \u7684 InstructGPT \u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5927\u578b\u6307\u4ee4\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5fae\u8c03 GPT-3 \u800c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c&nbsp;<em>7 \u7ae0\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u53cd\u9988\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u6307\u4ee4<\/em>\u201d\u4e2d\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u56fe 1.6 \u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u80dc\u4efb\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5b8c\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u62fc\u5199\u66f4\u6b63\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u6216\u8bed\u8a00\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230 GPT \u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 1.7 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.7 \u5728 GPT \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u9884\u6d4b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u5373\u5c06\u5230\u6765\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7406\u89e3\u5355\u8bcd\u548c\u77ed\u8bed\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image013.png\" width=\"1041\" height=\"357\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u663e\u5f0f\u6536\u96c6\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53e5\u5b50\u6216\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u8be5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u52a1\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u52a8\u6001\u201d\u521b\u5efa\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5927\u91cf\u672a\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM\uff0c\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u7b2c&nbsp;<em>1.5 \u8282 \u201c\u5229\u7528\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/em>\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7b2c 1.4 \u8282\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u539f\u59cb transformer \u67b6\u6784\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u7684 GPT \u67b6\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 1.8 \u6240\u793a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u50cf GPT \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u98ce\u683c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6765\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd<em>\u81ea\u56de\u5f52<\/em>\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u5176\u5148\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728 GPT \u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u5355\u8bcd\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GPT-3 \u7b49\u67b6\u6784\u4e5f\u6bd4\u539f\u6765\u7684 Transformer \u6a21\u578b\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u5c06\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u5757\u91cd\u590d\u516d\u6b21\u3002GPT-3 \u6709 96 \u4e2a\u53d8\u538b\u5668\u5c42\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u6709 1750 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.8 GPT \u67b6\u6784\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u4e13\u4e3a\u5355\u5411\u3001\u4ece\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u7684\u5904\u7406\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fed\u4ee3\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e00\u6b21\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image015.png\" width=\"1042\" height=\"755\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GPT-3 \u4e8e 2020 \u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b \uff08LLM\uff09 \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5982 Meta \u7684 Llama \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53ea\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u89e3 GPT \u4ecd\u7136\u4e00\u5982\u65e2\u5f80\u5730\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0 GPT \u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u66ff\u4ee3 LLM \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8c03\u6574\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u9488\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7531\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u5757\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u539f\u59cb transformer \u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u8bed\u8a00\u7ffb\u8bd1\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46 GPT \u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5927\u4f46\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ec5\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u65e8\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u6267\u884c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u6700\u521d\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e0d\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u672a\u660e\u786e\u8bad\u7ec3\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7d27\u6025\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u671f\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u7ed3\u679c\u3002GPT \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.7 \u6784\u5efa\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3 LLM \u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5 GPT \u80cc\u540e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u5206\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u56fe 1.9 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56fe 1.9 \u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u6784\u5efa LLM \u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u73b0 LLM \u67b6\u6784\u548c\u6570\u636e\u51c6\u5907\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM \u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u8c03\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u52a9\u7406\u6216\u6587\u672c\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u3002<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/drek4537l1klr.cloudfront.net\/raschka\/v-8\/Figures\/ch01__image017.png\" width=\"1041\" height=\"471\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u6bcf\u4e2a LLM \u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c 2 \u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c GPT \u7684 LLM\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8bc4\u4f30 LLM \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7684 NLP \u7cfb\u7edf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM \u662f\u4e00\u9879\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5343\u5230\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u6765\u5236\u4f5c\u7c7b\u4f3c GPT \u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c 2 \u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5b9e\u65bd\u7528\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u8fd8\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c 3 \u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91c7\u7528\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 LLM \u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u8bf8\u5982\u56de\u7b54\u67e5\u8be2\u6216\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u60a8\u671f\u5f85\u8e0f\u4e0a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.8 \u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>LLM \u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u663e\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002LLM \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u9a71\u52a8\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u751f\u6210\u548c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73b0\u4ee3 LLM \u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u6807\u7b7e\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u672a\u6807\u8bb0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u8bf4\u660e\u6216\u6267\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LLM \u57fa\u4e8e Transformer \u67b6\u6784\u3002Transformer \u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5173\u952e\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8 LLM \u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u65f6\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u6574\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u5e8f\u5217\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6700\u521d\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5668\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u548c\u9075\u5faa\u6307\u4ee4\u7684 LLM\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 GPT-3 \u548c ChatGPT\uff0c\u4ec5\u5b9e\u73b0\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7531\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM \u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u51fa\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3 LLM\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5c06\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u8f7d\u516c\u5f00\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u867d\u7136\u7c7b GPT \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b LLM \u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u7d27\u6025\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6216\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e00\u65e6 LLM \u88ab\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9488\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5fae\u8c03\u7684 LLM \u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c LLM\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manning.com\/books\/build-a-large-language-model-from-scratch#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u5177\u6709\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u7edf\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u8303\u5f0f\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u6807\u8bb0\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0cLLM \u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cLLM \u5229\u7528\u81ea\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u751f\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7a0d\u540e\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.manning.com\/books\/build-a-large-language-model-from-scratch#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>GPT-3\uff0c\u4ef7\u503c 4,600,000 \u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/MachineLearning\/comments\/h0jwoz\/d_gpt3_the_\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/MachineLearning\/comments\/h0jwoz\/d_gpt3_the_<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/MachineLearning\/comments\/h0jwoz\/d_gpt3_the_4600000_language_model\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4600000_language_model\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.manning.com\/books\/build-a-large-language-model-from-scratch\">\u6784\u5efa\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4ece\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\uff09 (manning.com)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u6db5\u76d6 \u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b \uff08LLM\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 OpenAI \u7684 ChatGPT \u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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