{"id":4823,"date":"2024-10-22T13:45:27","date_gmt":"2024-10-22T05:45:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=4823"},"modified":"2024-10-22T13:45:51","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T05:45:51","slug":"%e5%a4%9agpu%e6%83%85%e5%86%b5%e4%b8%8b%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86gpu%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e4%b8%8d%e5%a4%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/?p=4823","title":{"rendered":"\u591aGPU\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b,\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406GPU\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u591aGPU\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u52a0\u8f7d\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u505a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528GPU\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4GPU \u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5378\u8f7d\u90e8\u5206\u5230CPU ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u591a GPU \u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u591a\u4e2a GPU \u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u63a8\u7406\u65f6 GPU \u663e\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u8005\u8ba1\u7b97\u5378\u8f7d\u5230 CPU \u6765\u51cf\u8f7b GPU \u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u5c42\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 CPU\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c42\u79fb\u5230 CPU\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230 CPU\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \"># \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u591a GPU \u7684\u6a21\u578b\nmodel = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID, device_map=\"auto\", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)\n\n# \u624b\u52a8\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u5c42\u79fb\u52a8\u5230 CPU\nfor name, module in model.named_modules():\n    if \"layer_you_want_to_move\" in name:  # \u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u79fb\u52a8\u5230CPU\u7684\u5c42\n        module.to('cpu')\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c42\u79fb\u5230 CPU\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u6574 GPU\/CPU \u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>\u5206\u5c42\u63a8\u7406\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u624b\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u5c42\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ec5\u5c06\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5c42\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230 GPU\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4ecd\u5728 CPU \u4e0a\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u9010\u5c42\u63a8\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \">model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID, device_map=\"auto\", torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16)\n\n# \u624b\u52a8\u5206\u5c42\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u9010\u5c42\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230GPU\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\ninput_ids = torch.tensor([[some_input_ids]]).to('cuda')  # \u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230GPU\noutput = input_ids\n\nfor name, module in model.named_children():\n    module.to('cuda')  # \u5c06\u5c42\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230GPU\n    output = module(output)  # \u6267\u884c\u63a8\u7406\n    module.to('cpu')  # \u63a8\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u79fb\u56deCPU\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u663e\u5b58\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5230 GPU\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11 GPU \u663e\u5b58\u7684\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>accelerate<\/code> \u5e93\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406 GPU\/CPU\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f <code>Hugging Face<\/code> \u7684 <code>accelerate<\/code> \u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u591a\u8bbe\u5907\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002<code>accelerate<\/code> \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06 GPU \u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u90e8\u5206\u5378\u8f7d\u5230 CPU \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \">from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM\nfrom accelerate import init_empty_weights, infer_auto_device_map\nfrom accelerate.utils import load_checkpoint_and_dispatch\n\n# \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u7a7a\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u4e0a\nwith init_empty_weights():\n    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(MODEL_ID)\n\n# \u63a8\u65ad\u8bbe\u5907\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u5c42\u5206\u914d\u5230CPU\ndevice_map = infer_auto_device_map(model, max_memory={\"cuda:0\": \"10GB\", \"cpu\": \"30GB\"}, no_split_module_classes=[\"SomeModuleClass\"])\n\n# \u52a0\u8f7d\u5e76\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\nmodel = load_checkpoint_and_dispatch(model, MODEL_ID, device_map=device_map, dtype=torch.bfloat16)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u5305\u62ec GPU \u548c CPU\uff09\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 <code>max_memory<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>offload<\/code> \u6a21\u578b\u5230 CPU \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 Hugging Face \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684 <code>device_map=\"auto\"<\/code> \u548c <code>offload<\/code> \u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u81ea\u52a8\u5378\u8f7d\u5230 CPU\u3002<code>offload<\/code> \u529f\u80fd\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u90e8\u5206\u4ece GPU \u5378\u8f7d\u5230 CPU\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \">from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM\n\nmodel = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(\n    MODEL_ID,\n    device_map=\"auto\",\n    offload_folder=\"offload\",  # \u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u90e8\u5206\u5378\u8f7d\u5230\u786c\u76d8\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\n    offload_state_dict=True,  # \u542f\u7528offload\n    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16\n)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c<code>offload<\/code> \u4f1a\u6839\u636e GPU \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u5378\u8f7d\u5230 CPU\uff0c\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e GPU \u663e\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>\u51cf\u5c11\u8f93\u5165\u7684 batch size\uff1a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u964d\u4f4e\u8f93\u5165\u7684 batch size \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u663e\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11 batch size\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-urvanov-syntax-highlighter-code-block\"><pre class=\"lang:python decode:true \">outputs = model.generate(\n    input_ids,\n    max_new_tokens=100,\n    num_beams=5,\n    batch_size=1  # \u51cf\u5c11 batch size\n)\n<\/pre><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u90e8\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u5378\u8f7d\u5230 CPU \u6216\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7ba1\u7406 GPU\/CPU \u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u591aGPU\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u52a0\u8f7d\u6210\u529f\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u505a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528GPU\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4GPU \u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5378\u8f7d\u90e8\u5206\u5230CPU [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[444,445,443,442],"tags":[522],"class_list":["post-4823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai","category-ainews","category-llm","category-llms","tag-transformers"],"views":2883,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4823"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4825,"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4823\/revisions\/4825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.aqwu.net\/wp\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}